Horton Plains National Park

Horton Plains National Park, located in the central highlands of Sri Lanka, is a must-see destination for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. This beautiful park, which covers around 3160 hectares, has some of the most otherworldly landscapes in the country. It is also home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. In this guide, we will explore all that Horton Plains National Park has to offer, including its history, geography, and the best ways to experience it.

Geography and History:

Horton Plains National Park is situated at an altitude of 2,100-2,300 meters above sea level on the southern plateau of the central hills. The park is named after the British Governor of Ceylon, Sir Robert Wilmot Horton, who visited the area in the 19th century. The park was designated a wildlife sanctuary in 1969 and, in 2010, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park is in the catchment area of three major rivers: the Mahaweli, Kelani, and Walawe. As a result, it is home to various ecosystems, including montane forests, grasslands, and wetlands.

Flora and Fauna of Horton Plains

Horton Plains National Park is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. The park is covered with montane forests, characterized by tall, evergreen trees and thick undergrowth. Some of the trees found in the park include the kunella, haldina, and the "fern tree."

In addition to the forests, the park also has grasslands and wetlands, which are home to many different animals and birds. Many animals can be found in the park, including the sambar deer, the leopard, the wild boar, and the purple-faced langur.

The most commonly seen animal is the sambar deer, with populations estimated to be around 1500 - 2000. The park also forms one of the Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Sri Lanka. Many endemic species are found here, including the Sri Lanka white-eye, the Sri Lanka bush warbler, and the darter.

Attractions in Horton Plains

Horton Plains National Park offers a wide range of attractions for visitors. One of the most popular is the World's End, a spectacular viewpoint that offers panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. The viewpoint is located at the edge of a cliff and is a must-see for anyone visiting the park. To reach this viewpoint, visitors need to hike along a well-marked 9-kilometer loop trail that takes around 3-4 hours to complete. Along the way, hikers will pass through diverse landscapes, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands.

Another popular attraction is Baker's Falls, a beautiful waterfall about 3 kilometers from the park entrance. The waterfall is surrounded by lush vegetation. It is only about 20m in height, but its wide cascading falls make for some truly fascinating scenery. The trek to Baker's Falls is also part of the World's End trail, allowing visitors to experience both attractions on the same hike.

The park also offers several other hiking trails for visitors, where you can admire the surreal beauty of the place. It is renowned as one of the best hiking spots in the country. Some other trails include the Thotupola Kanda trail, which leads to the third-highest peak in Sri Lanka, and the Kirigalpoththa trail, which takes you to the second-highest mountain.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Horton Plains National Park is from December through April. The ideal period is from January to March when the weather is dry, and visibility is good. During this time, you'll have the best chance to spot wildlife and enjoy clear views of the surrounding landscapes.

The park can become wet and slippery from May to September, making hiking and other activities more difficult, as this is the rainy season. However, if you don't mind the rain, the park can still be a beautiful place to visit during these months, as the rainfall brings out the vibrant colors of the flora and creates an ethereal atmosphere.

How to Get There

Horton Plains National Park is located about 10 km from the town of Ohiya, which can be reached by bus from Nuwara Eliya or Haputale. It's a good idea to include Horton Plains in a trip to Nuwara Eliya or Haputale, as it can be reached in a little more than an hour. The nearest train station is Ohiya, and the train journey from Colombo offers breathtaking views of the tea plantations and countryside.

Park Rules and Regulations

This park is a protected area, and it is essential to follow its rules and regulations to preserve its pristine beauty. Some of the key rules include the following:

1. Do not litter: Please dispose of your trash in designated bins or carry it with you until you find a proper disposal site.
2. Do not disturb the wildlife: Keep a safe distance from animals and avoid feeding them.
3. Stay on the designated trails: This helps minimize the environmental impact and reduce the risk of getting lost.
4. No smoking, alcohol, or loud music: These activities can disturb the wildlife and other visitors.
5. Obtain necessary permits: If you wish to camp or conduct research within the park, you must obtain the required permits from the park authorities.

By following these guidelines, you can help ensure the preservation of Horton Plains National Park for future generations to enjoy.

Nearby Attractions

1. Nuwara Eliya: Sometimes known as "Little England," Nuwara Eliya is a picturesque town nestled among the rolling tea plantations. With its cool climate and colonial-style architecture, it offers a pleasant escape from the heat and is well-known for its beautiful botanical gardens and scenic golf course. Read about the best things to do in Nuwara Eliya.
2. Haputale: This charming town is perched on a mountain ridge with panoramic views of the surrounding valleys and tea estates. Haputale is an ideal base for exploring the nearby Lipton's Seat viewpoint, where Sir Thomas Lipton once surveyed his tea empire, and the impressive Adisham Bungalow, a historic monastery.
3. Ohiya: A small village situated close to Horton Plains, Ohiya is a peaceful retreat surrounded by lush forests and tea plantations. It offers easy access to the park and serves as a convenient starting point for numerous hiking trails, including the trail to Bambarakanda Falls, Sri Lanka's tallest waterfall.
4. Ella: A famous hill-country town, Ella boasts stunning views, refreshing waterfalls, and several attractions, such as the iconic Nine Arch Bridge and Little Adam's Peak. The village's laid-back atmosphere and a range of cozy cafes make it a favorite among travelers. Read more about things to do in Ella.
5. Ambewela Farm: Ambewela Farm is a dairy farm set amidst lush green pastures. Visitors can take guided tours of the farm to learn about the dairy production process and interact with the animals, making it an enjoyable experience for families.

These nearby attractions offer a variety of experiences for travelers seeking to explore the beauty of Sri Lanka's central highlands. Each destination provides unique opportunities to create lasting memories in the remarkable Sri Lankan highlands.

Horton Plains National Park is one of Sri Lanka's most beautiful and diverse national parks. Its incredible wilderness and spectacular landscapes offer visitors a unique and unforgettable experience. Whether you're interested in hiking, bird-watching, or simply taking in the stunning views, you should definitely add Horton Plains National Park to your bucket list.