Matara Fort

Matara Fort, situated in the southern coastal city of Matara, Sri Lanka, is a historical site that reflects the island’s colonial history. Built by the Portuguese and later enhanced by the Dutch, the fort is a well-preserved example of European military architecture in Sri Lanka. Today, it serves not only as a reminder of the past but also as an administrative hub for the Matara District. Visitors to Matara Fort can explore its historic ramparts, visit significant landmarks, and enjoy stunning views of the Indian Ocean.

History of the Matara Fort

Portuguese Era

The Fort was originally constructed by the Portuguese in 1595 as part of their efforts to maintain control over Sri Lanka’s coastal regions. Strategically positioned near the Nilwala River, the fort allowed the Portuguese to monitor both inland and maritime routes. However, the fort’s original structure was relatively modest and lacked the robust defenses seen in later years.

Dutch Reconstruction

In 1645, the Dutch captured Matara and began a significant reconstruction of the fort. They fortified it with thick limestone and coral walls and added bastions to withstand attacks. The Dutch used the fort as a base for their administrative and military operations in the region. It became an essential part of their defense network, particularly against inland forces and the Kandyan Kingdom.

The Matara Rebellion

One of the most notable historical events associated with Matara Fort is the Matara Rebellion of 1761. During this uprising, forces from the Kandyan Kingdom, aided by local residents, successfully captured the fort. This event exposed the vulnerabilities of the fort’s defenses, prompting the Dutch to build the nearby Star Fort to bolster security in Matara. The rebellion remains a significant chapter in the fort’s history, reflecting the resistance of local communities against colonial powers.

Architecture

Matara Fort’s architecture is a classic example of European military design adapted to the tropics. The fort is rectangular, with thick ramparts made from locally sourced materials, including limestone, coral, and granite. These walls are 13 meters thick and rise to a height of 5 meters, providing strong protection against external attacks. The ramparts enclose an area of about 240 meters in length, with bastions at strategic points for additional defense.

The fort’s layout includes pathways leading to various administrative buildings, barracks, and storage facilities. Although some of these structures no longer exist, the remaining features give visitors a sense of the fort’s original purpose and scale.

The Dutch Reformed Church

At the entrance to Matara Fort stands the Dutch Reformed Church, constructed in 1706. This historic building was an integral part of the Dutch presence in Matara and served as a place of worship for Dutch officials and soldiers. The church features simple yet elegant architecture, with thick walls and arched windows designed to keep the interior cool in the tropical climate. Visitors can explore the church’s interior, which includes a collection of old tombstones and inscriptions commemorating Dutch settlers.

The Star Fort

A short distance from Matara Fort lies the Star Fort, which was constructed by the Dutch in 1765 in response to the Matara Rebellion. Unlike the rectangular Matara Fort, the Star Fort has a unique six-pointed star design, offering improved defenses. It was equipped with a moat and drawbridge, making it one of the most advanced military installations of its time. While Matara Fort remains the larger and more prominent structure, the Star Fort’s unique design and historical significance make it worth exploring.

The Matara Fort in Present Day

Today, Matara Fort serves as the administrative center for the Matara District. Several government offices are located within the fort’s walls, blending modern utility with historical significance. Despite its functional role, the fort remains open to visitors, who can walk along the ramparts and explore its historic landmarks. The site’s well-preserved state makes it a popular attraction for both local and international tourists.

Restoration Efforts

Over the years, several restoration projects have been undertaken to preserve Matara Fort. One notable effort occurred in 1985-86 when a Dutch firm carried out extensive repairs to the fort’s walls and structures. These initiatives aimed to maintain the fort’s historical value while ensuring its longevity. Today, the fort stands as a testament to the importance of preserving cultural heritage.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Matara Fort is during the dry season, from November to April. During these months, the weather is ideal for exploring outdoor sites. Early mornings and late afternoons are pleasant, offering cooler temperatures and the chance to enjoy the sunset from the ramparts.

Location and How to Get There

Matara Fort is located in the city of Matara, on Sri Lanka’s southern coast. It is approximately 160 kilometers from Colombo. Travelers can reach Matara by road, train, or bus:

• By Road: The Southern Expressway connects Colombo to Matara, making it a convenient 2.5-hour drive.
• By Train: Matara Railway Station, located near the fort, is accessible via the coastal railway line.
• By Bus: Regular buses operate between Colombo and Matara, with the journey taking around 3-4 hours.

Once in Matara, the fort is easily accessible on foot or by tuk-tuk.

Nearby Attractions

Matara Fort is surrounded by several attractions worth visiting:

• Star Fort: This fort features a unique six-pointed star design and includes a moat and drawbridge, offering a glimpse into advanced colonial-era military engineering.
• Polhena Beach: A calm and scenic beach with shallow waters and coral reefs, making it ideal for swimming, snorkeling, and spotting marine life.
• Weherahena Temple: Known for its impressive 39-meter-tall Buddha statue and underground murals depicting Buddhist teachings and stories.
• Dondra Head Lighthouse: The southernmost point of Sri Lanka, featuring a tall white lighthouse from which visitors can enjoy expansive ocean views and spot passing ships.
• Parey Dewa (Rock Island): A small and peaceful island accessible via a footbridge, perfect for a short escape and quiet moments.

Matara Fort is a captivating historical site that offers a window into Sri Lanka’s colonial past. From its Portuguese beginnings and Dutch reconstruction to its role in the Matara Rebellion, the fort has witnessed significant events in the island’s history. Today, it stands as a blend of heritage and modernity, welcoming visitors to explore its ramparts, landmarks, and surrounding attractions. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or a casual traveler, Matara Fort is a destination that shouldn’t be missed.