Polonnaruwa

Sri Lanka is a country rich in history, culture, and natural beauty, with a long and storied past that has shaped its identity and traditions. One of the most significant historical sites in Sri Lanka is the majestic ancient city of Polonnaruwa, which served as the second capital of the island nation from the 11th to the 13th centuries. Today, Polonnaruwa is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting visitors from all over the globe who come to explore its many fascinating attractions.

About Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa is located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, about 228 kilometers from Colombo. The city was established by King Vijayabahu I in 1070 AD, following the defeat of the Indian Chola Dynasty. Polonnaruwa served as the capital of the Sinhalese kingdom.

Polonnaruwa's strategic location in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka made it an ideal capital city, with easy access to the rest of the island and a fertile landscape that supported agriculture. The construction of elaborate irrigation systems, such as the Parakrama Samudra reservoir, allowed the city to prosper and support a large population. Polonnaruwa remained Sri Lanka's capital until the 13th century, when it had to be abandoned due to an invasion by Kalinga Magha South India.

Today, Polonnaruwa is a well-preserved example of ancient Sri Lankan architecture, art, and culture. Visitors can explore the many ruins, temples, and monuments that make up the city, each with its own unique history and significance.

Culture and Religion

Polonnaruwa is a testament to the rich cultural and religious history of Sri Lanka, showcasing the beliefs, customs, and traditions that have shaped the nation over centuries.

Buddhism played a vital role in the early Polonnaruwa kingdom and was heavily engrained in the culture. This is evident in the numerous Buddhist temples, stupas, and sculptures. To this day, it is considered by locals to be a sacred city. Hinduism also existed in Polonnaruwa, and parts of the religion have seeped into the culture.

Sculpture and stone carvings were vital forms of artistic expression in Polonnaruwa. The breathtaking Gal Vihara rock sculptures and intricate carvings on the walls and pillars of the city's temples and palaces showcase the immense talent and craftsmanship of the artisans.

Things to do in Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa is home to many fascinating ruins, temples, and monuments worth exploring.

The most notable attractions include the Royal Palace complex, the Gal Vihara rock sculptures, the Lankatilaka Temple, and the Lotus Pond. Visitors can also explore the city's many other ancient structures, such as the Thuparama Gedige, the Pabalu Vehera, and the Shiva Temple. Each site has a unique history and cultural significance that makes it a must-see for anyone visiting Polonnaruwa.

In addition to exploring Polonnaruwa's many historical and cultural attractions, visitors can also enjoy a range of outdoor activities in the surrounding area. Polonnaruwa is close to several wildlife sanctuaries, including Minneriya National Park, Kaudulla National Park, Hurulu Eco Park, and Angamedilla National Park, which offer opportunities to see elephants, leopards, and other exotic animals. Visitors can also take a safari or nature walk to see some of Sri Lanka's diverse flora and fauna up close.

Read more about the top things to do in Polonnaruwa.

How to Get There

There are several ways to get to Polonnaruwa from Colombo, depending on your preferences and budget. A popular option is to take a train from Colombo to Polonnaruwa. The journey takes 6-8 hours, depending on the train schedule and stops.

Another option is to take a bus or hire a private car or taxi from Colombo, which can be more convenient and quicker, but may be more expensive. The journey by bus or car takes around 4-5 hours.

Getting Around in the City:

Once you arrive in Polonnaruwa, there are several options for getting around the city. One of the most popular ways to explore is by renting a bike or scooter, which is a fun way to explore the sites at your own pace. They can be rented from several places in the city, and many hotels and guesthouses also offer rental services.

Another option is to hire a tuk-tuk or taxi to take you around the city, especially if you want to cover a lot of ground quickly. Tuk-tuks are readily available throughout Polonnaruwa, and you can negotiate the price with the driver before starting your trip.

If you prefer a more structured tour, there may be guided tours available that can be arranged through your hotel or a local tour agency. These tours often include transportation and a knowledgeable guide,

Tips and Advice

• Wear comfortable shoes and clothing, as you'll be doing a lot of walking and climbing stairs at the ancient sites.
• Bring sunscreen and a hat, as it can get very hot and sunny in Polonnaruwa. It's also a good idea to carry insect repellent to stay protected from mosquitoes and other insects that may be present in the area.
• Respect the local culture and customs, and dress modestly when visiting temples and religious sites.
• Bring plenty of water and snacks, as there are limited options for food and drinks within the ancient city. There are, however, a few restaurants and cafes in the nearby town of Polonnaruwa, where you can enjoy local dishes and refreshments.
• Be aware of the monkeys that inhabit the area, and keep a safe distance from them to avoid any incidents. While they may seem friendly, they can be aggressive if they feel threatened or if they're trying to steal food.

As you explore the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, you'll be taken back in time to a world of kings and warriors, art and culture, and traditions and values that have shaped Sri Lanka for centuries. Whether you're marveling at the intricate carvings of the Gal Vihara rock sculptures, wandering through the ruins of the Royal Palace complex, or simply soaking up the atmosphere of this unique and fascinating city, you'll be left with a sense of awe that will stay with you long after you've left. So if you're looking for an unforgettable travel experience that combines history, culture, and natural beauty, be sure to add Polonnaruwa to your bucket list. You won't be disappointed!